SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH INFERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBOSIS: A CLINICAL CASE

Kidney cancer with inferior vena cava thrombosis represents a complex condition that requires meticulous surgical treatment. The most common malignant kidney tumor in adults is renal cell carcinoma. The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has increased recently due to the enhanced resolution of imaging techniques. Most cases are discovered incidentally. Renal cell carcinoma's ability to spread to vascular systems without developing metastases is a significant feature. Venous involvement can manifest as a tumor thrombus in the renal vein on the affected side, potentially extending to the right atrium or the inferior vena cava. The risk of having a tumor thrombus in the renal vein or inferior vena cava ranges from 2-10%, with the right side being more frequently affected. The level of tumor thrombus extension can reach the hepatic veins and even the right atrium. This condition thus requires a multidisciplinary approach and a rational surgical strategy, focusing on achieving favorable outcomes in such complex cases.