Informing the cannabis policy debate: a cross-sectional study of current and former cannabis users in Ireland

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug with considerable international discourse regarding its legal status. This study sought to examine the wellbeing, experiences, and attitudes of adults who have used cannabis to inform policy debates. Methods: A national, cross-sectional survey was completed. Data related to demographics and attitudes was collected along with validated questionnaires to measure level of dependence and wellbeing. Results: Respondents (n = 732) were primarily males (61%) with a median age of 21. Three-quarters (75%) consumed cannabis more than 100 days with few regretting their cannabis use. Additionally, 60% reported previous use of both cocaine and MDMA and three-quarters currently use tobacco. While strongly in favor of more liberal cannabis policies they were ambivalent about decriminalizing all drugs. Depending on the cutoff used, 14.6% to 32.2% of respondents potentially meet the criteria for cannabis dependence. Wellbeing was overall good; however, women were at significantly higher odds of poor wellbeing (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.78, 3.76). Conclusion: Findings suggest unanimity among cannabis users toward more liberal legal policies but have discord regarding other drugs. Harm reduction, particularly in relation to tobacco, other substances, and women is indicated.