Assessment Outcomes Effect of Apolipoprotein E4 Allele on Cardiovascular Diseases

The apolipoprotein E4 allele is a genetic risk factor that has a negative impact on the quality of life of people with cardiovascular disease. Our current study aimed to evaluate the effect of apolipoprotein E4 allele in cardiovascular patients (n=85). A total of 85 elderly patients with cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the study, which was conducted at hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, between 18 January 2022 and 27 October 2023. Comprehensive cardiovascular examinations were performed on each patient, including blood pressure, heart rate, and other vital sign measurements. APOE genotype analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact on the patients. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to assess the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease. In terms of clinical outcomes, chest pain was identified as the most prevalent symptom among patients, with a total of 38 cases. Additionally, the E3/E4 genotype of the APOE gene was observed in 41.18% of patients, which was associated with an increase in serum lipid-lipoprotein levels in terms of SBP (145.39 ± 27.46) mmHg and DBP (87.89 ± The mean values for the variables were as follows: glucose (3.11 ± 1.12) mg/dL, triglycerides (224 ± 46.25) mg/dL, LDL-C (167.29 ± 12.92) mg/dL, and HDL-C (14.82 ± 3.82) mg/dL. The adverse findings revealed that 23 cases involved heart attacks, and 30 cases involved strokes. Patients with CVD who carried the apolipoprotein E4 allele exhibited negative impacts on their quality of life, as evidenced by the following scores: physical functioning (46.38 ± 14.26), energy/fatigue (53.25 ± 12.29), and emotional problems (62.10 ± 10.29). In general, patients with the apolipoprotein E4 allele exhibit elevated levels of lipid profiles, which signify an elevated risk of severe complications in patients with cardiovascular disease.