“Why did she do that?”: Chinese children's preference for trait‐based explanations of behavior

Abstract The current study addressed the extent to which Chinese children rely on situational characteristics to reason about the causes of valenced behavior (i.e., positive or negative). Specifically, one hundred fifteen 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds from Hangzhou, China, were asked to attribute a character's behavior toward a peer to either that character's traits (e.g., “nice”) or the situation (e.g., being tired and being happy). Across ages, children made trait attributions for both positive and negative behavior but were least likely to do so when information about the character's emotions was available, particularly in congruent valence conditions. In addition, children made an intentionality judgment about whether the character's behavior was accidental or intentional. Overall, children judged positive behavior as intentional but were unsystematic in their judgments of negative behavior. These findings highlight cross‐cultural similarities in children's personal perception and suggest connections between trait and mental state reasoning that may inform strategies for peer relationships.