Effectiveness of Propolis on Experimental Colitis Model In Rats

Aim: This study investigated the therapeutic potential of propolis in an experimental colitis model induced by acetic acid in female Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups: a control group and four experimental groups. Colitis was induced in the second, third, and fifth groups by rectal administration of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid. The third group received rectal propolis solution (50 mg/ml), while the fourth group was given only rectal propolis solution. The fifth group received 1 ml of olive oil rectally after the onset of colitis. Stool consistency and weight loss were monitored, and colon tissue samples were collected for microscopic and macroscopic evaluation. The levels of MDA, MPO, and caspase-3 in tissue, as well as TNF-α and IL-10 levels in blood samples, were examined. Results: The group administered propolis showed a significant decrease in microscopic and macroscopic scores compared to the other experimental groups. The levels of MDA, MPO, and caspase-3 in the tissue, as well as TNF-α and IL-10 levels in blood samples, were significantly decreased in the propolis group compared to the other experimental groups. Weight loss and stool consistency also showed improvement in the propolis group compared to the other experimental groups. Discussion: Propolis may have therapeutic effects in experimental colitis induced by acetic acid. The decrease in oxidative damage and inflammation seen in the propolis group indicates that it may be a useful therapeutic agent for colitis treatment.