Natural gas as a generating source in the diversification of the Brazilian electric matrix

Energy consumption grows annually, requiring an increase in the production and distribution standards of available energy sources. One of the main energy consumptions is linked to the electricity sector, which is globally dependent on fossil fuels such as oil and coal. In Brazil, more than 60% of electricity consumption comes from hydroelectric plants, and the lack of variability in generating sources generates instability and energy insecurity in the country. In this sense, it is necessary to evaluate an alternative source of electricity that can work together with hydroelectric plants and guarantee the stability of generation. Natural gas presents itself as an alternative, as it is a safe source and less aggressive to the environment when compared to other non-renewable sources. Through data collection and bibliographic research on proven reserves, processing capacity, and distribution of natural gas, this work analyzed the Brazilian potential for the use of natural gas and the biggest gaps in the sector. The results showed that, despite the great potential in proven natural gas reserves, Brazil is stagnant in its processing and distribution capacity. In addition, there are challenges related to high rates and taxes on the use of natural gas.