Re-Expansion Pulmonary Edema Post-Pneumothorax

Vacuum pulmonary edema is a rare yet potentially serious complication, associated with a mortality rate of 15 to 20%. It typically arises as an uncommon consequence of draining a pneumothorax or pleural effusion, presenting with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and hypoxemia. In severe cases, it can lead to shock and even death, with symptoms generally appearing within 24 hours following thoracentesis. Management is primarily supportive, involving treatments that range from oxygen supplementation to both non-invasive and invasive ventilation techniques. Preventive measures include using low negative pressure (< −20 cm H2O) during suction in thoracentesis and avoiding excessive pleural fluid drainage if the patient experiences chest discomfort. We present a case of a patient who developed vacuum pulmonary edema subsequent to the drainage of a pneumothorax.