Cold Temperatures and Weather Processes on Human Bone

Amongst research on forensic skeletal material found in a variety of environmental conditions, cold climate contexts and the effects of various associated weather processes are very under-researched. This paper will examine existing sources on the effects of cold and freezing weather conditions on forensic anthropology analyses. It will review the various taphonomic processes that occur from sub-zero temperatures, like snow, ice, and freeze-thaw cycles on bone, as well as the associated challenges that could arise in identifying important features and analyzing skeletal remains when found in these conditions. Finally, this paper will discuss the research gap of the effects of cold weather climates on bone and will explore some much-needed new and expanding avenues of research on this topic, which could aid forensic identifications and analyses on human remains in cold climates.