Microbiome dynamics: Defenses against foodborne threat

The gut microbiome is a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, playing a crucial role in health and disease. This review examines inter-individual variability in gut microbiota composition and the impact of diet, genetics, and environmental factors on microbial diversity. It explores how probiotics and bacteriocins can serve as therapeutic agents against foodborne pathogens, offering alternatives or synergists to traditional antibiotics. The mechanisms through which probiotics interact with pathogens and the therapeutic potential of bacteriocins are analyzed. Emphasizing the need for further research, this review underscores the importance of elucidating gut microbiome interactions to improve health and disease management strategies.