Vulnerability module in the multi-level ontology of risk assessment of Wireless Sensor Networks

This work presents the development of a vulnerability module within a multi-level ontology for risk assessment in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used in industrial environments. WSNs consist of multiple sensor nodes with microcontrollers, sensors, communication devices, and power sources, playing a key role in monitoring, diagnostics, and managing industrial processes. Their main advantages include reduced costs due to the lack of cabling and ease of scaling by adding new nodes. However, WSNs face significant challenges, including limited power supply, vulnerability to electromagnetic interference, low bandwidth, and exposure to cyber-attacks. These issues make them less suitable for real-time systems where fast and reliable data transmission is critical. The vulnerability module developed in this study addresses these challenges by identifying weaknesses, analyzing potential threats, and assessing risks using logical rules. These rules assess various network components such as devices, communication protocols, and external factors like physical access and radio interference. The module continuously monitors the network, detects new vulnerabilities, and provides real-time feedback to the risk assessment module, suggesting measures to mitigate risks. This enhances the security and reliability of WSNs in industrial applications. In conclusion, the vulnerability module within the multi-level ontology provides a structured approach to identifying and mitigating risks in WSNs. Despite the inherent vulnerabilities of WSNs, advancements in security protocols and energy efficiency make them increasingly viable for industrial automation and optimization.