RELAÇÃO MÉDICO-PACIENTE E O USO DE PROTOCOLOS PARA A COMUNICAÇÃO DE MÁS NOTÍCIAS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Communicating bad news encompasses a set of verbal and non-verbal skills that health professionals must exercise. Another point is that bad news can have a negative impact on the lives of patients and/or their families, depending on how it is delivered. Thus, there are protocols that help healthcare professionals to convey unfavorable news to patients. In addition, protocols such as SPIKES facilitate dialogue between doctor and patient, fostering empathy and rapport between the parties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strategies employed by health professionals, especially doctors, when communicating bad news to patients and their families. It is therefore an integrative literature review on the communication of bad news, using the following search platforms: SciELO; PUBMED and BVS. The period of publication was the last five years (2019-2024). This work was based on a theoretical foundation preceded by a bibliographical survey on bad news communication protocols, with an emphasis on the SPIKES protocol. The DeCs applied, in Portuguese, inglês were: "revelação da verdade", "relações profissionais-patientes". In order to refine the search for publications, the Boolean operator "AND" was applied. 109 articles were found in the databases cited, of which only 14 were included in the discussion of this work. In addition, the results showed that the most widely used protocol worldwide is SPIKES, with other protocols being used such as ABCDE and EMPATIA. There was agreement among the authors on the benefits that the protocols offer in terms of communication skills and transmitting bad news in a more sensitive and empathetic way. There were also adaptations to the protocols in the face of scenarios such as the pandemic, adaptations in the context of oncology and other specialties. Finally, there was a need for greater depth in the approach and teaching of protocols for medical students and resident doctors.