6427 Impact of Adrenalectomy On Frailty And Muscle Function In Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Abstract Disclosure: J. Saini: None. V. Fell: None. B. Atkinson: None. S. Achenbach: None. I. Bancos: None. Background: Patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) have a higher prevalence of frailty and reduced muscle strength as compared to patients with nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas or subjects without adrenal disorders. Objective: To determine the impact of adrenalectomy on frailty and parameters of functional strength in patients with MACS. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective longitudinal study of adults with MACS scheduled for adrenalectomy and referent subjects evaluated between 2018 and 2023. MACS was defined as serum cortisol>1.8 mcg/dL after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test in patients with adrenal adenomas and no features of overt hypercortisolism. Referent subjects were included if they had abdominal imaging and had no adrenal disorders. Patients and referent subjects had a baseline and a follow-up evaluation at least 10 months later. Differences were assessed using paired t-tests for (1) Frailty Index (FI)--calculated using a questionnaire containing 47 variables on comorbidities, symptoms, and daily living activities (frailty defined as FI>0.25) (2) physical function assessed using handgrip strength (Jamar Plus digital hand dynamometer), timed up-and-go test (time taken to rise from a chair, walk to and from 3 m, and sit down), gait speed, 6-minute walk test, and (3) Advanced Glycation End (AGE) Product (using AGE reader). Results: We evaluated 41 patients before and after adrenalectomy, and 31 referent subjects at baseline and follow-up visit, at a similar interval (median 1.6, IQR 1.2-2.0 vs 1.5 years, IQR 1.0-2.2, P=0.759). While sex distributions were no different between the 2 groups (women, 66% vs 84%, P=0.086), patients with MACS were older than the referent group (median age 57.3, IQR 48.8-66.9 vs 49.0, IQR 41.7-57.9 years, P=0.005). Post-adrenalectomy, FI decreased by a mean of 0.057 (SD 0.08), P<0.001 in patients, and remained unchanged in the referent group. AGE decreased in patients by 0.148 (SD 0.45), P=0.04 but not in referent subjects (-0.047, SD 0.242, P=0.5). Patients demonstrated no improvement in parameters of muscle strength: gait speed (mean change 0.305 m/s, P=0.453), 6-minute walk test (mean change 16.4 meters, P=0.201), dominant (mean Z score change -0.055, P=0.72) and nondominant (mean Z score change -0.199, P=0.192) hand grip muscle strength. At follow-up, both patients (mean change 1.897 seconds, P<0.001) and referent subjects (mean change=1.475 seconds, P<0.001) demonstrated a deterioration on the timed up-and-go test. Conclusions: While no improvement was seen in the parameters of muscle strength, adrenalectomy improved the frailty index in patients with MACS. In addition, AGE, a biomarker associated with cardiovascular morbidity, decreased after adrenalectomy, suggesting a beneficial cardiovascular impact of MACS reversal. Presentation: 6/1/2024