Pharmacogenomics in the Age of Personal Genomics: A Concise Guide to Online Resources and Tools

The post-HapMap era has witnessed a significant expansion in resources available for genome analysis and interpretation, alongside the development of numerous databases and consortia dedicated to personal genomics. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has accelerated the growth of personal genomics, while also indirectly advancing the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx). Modern pharmacogenomics has progressed beyond merely identifying variations in common genes related to frequently used drugs, evolving into a comprehensive study of the interactions between single genes and multiple drugs, as well as the effects of combinatorial drug use. The vast increase in genomic data has prompted the growth of specialized databases and consortia focused on PGx and the curation of this data. This review provides an overview of key online resources and tools essential for interpreting personal genomes, with a focus on pharmacogenetically relevant data. The resources are categorized into five main sections according to their content and utility, encompassing pharmacogenomics databases, variation databases, tools and resources for analyzing pharmacogenomic data, community efforts and consortia, as well as standards for data representation. Key words: Pharmacogenomics, Single-nucleotide variations, Data Bases, Datasets