A Novel Lactam and Two Rare Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives from the Fungus <i>Penicillium Sclerotiorum</i> JBHL321

A novel lactam penicillactam (1), two rare mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivatives penimycophens A and B (2 and 3), together with two known biogenetically related MPA derivatives (4 and 5) and a known alkaloid (6) were isolated from the Penicillium sclerotiorum JBHL321. The structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 represent the rare example of a oxygen bridge-linked lactam from natural products. Structurally, compounds 2 and 3 were rare MPA derivatives featuring a methoxy group at C-3. The inhibitory activity of compounds 1-6 against two phytopathogenic fungi, three phytopathogenic bacteria and four cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compounds 2-5 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, A549 and MGC-803 cells with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar to nanomolar. Compound 3 exhibited especially cytotoxic activity against four different cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.06-0.14 μM, compared to IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.62-2.51 μM for epirubicin.