Hypoglycaemic and Histophatological Effect of Myrianthus arboreus in AlloxanInduced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a common global health disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia owing to decreased insulin secretion or sensitivity. Medicinal plants have continued to gain more relevance in diabetes treatment owing to their reliance as alternative therapy. This study examined the histological effects of Myrianthus arboreus leaf extracts on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic albino Wister rats. Two extracts of Myrianthus arboreus leaves were formulated; aqueous extract (AEME) and ethanol extract (EEMA). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical assays were investigated on both extracts. Induction of diabetes was made after overnight fasting of ratsby a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg (body weight) solution of alloxan. AEMA and EEMA were administered at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Also, glibenclamide was administered at 5 mg/kg body weight to the positive control group. The rats were monitored every week for body weight and blood glucose levels. They were fasted 12 hours after the last treatment before sacrifice by cervical decapitation under ether anesthesia. A histological study was carried out on pancreas tissues. All treated groups, except the untreated group, had significant (p < 0.05) weight gain. Administration of AEMA and EEMA led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level, restoration of islets of Langerhans, and increased pancreatic beta cells compared to the diabetic group. Therefore, Myrianthus arboreus leaves showed potent antidiabetic properties, as evidenced by the increase in several beta cells anda decrease in blood glucose levels.