Madness Redefined: Political Resistance in Fakhar Zaman’s Bandiwan/The Prisoner

The objective of the research is to explore the character of Z in Fakhar Zaman’s novel Bandiwan/The Prisoner, reinterpreting madness as a potent form of political resistance rather than a mere psychological breakdown. Z’s actions, traditionally dismissed as madness, are reframed within the narrative as radical expressions of dissent against political oppression. By rejecting conformity and embracing an unconventional approach, Z embodies a defiance that challenges both societal and political norms. The analysis offers a nuanced understanding of how madness in this context transcends personal turmoil, becoming a powerful mode of resistance in response to the authoritarian regime. The study also engages with broader socio-political themes, questioning traditional interpretations of sanity and rationality within oppressive structures. By positioning madness as a form of agency rather than helplessness, this paper redefines it as an empowering force for those subjugated by authoritarianism, ultimately contributing to discussions on the intersection of mental health, politics, and resistance in literature.