IMPACT OF EXTERNAL RISKS ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MOROCCAN PETROLEUM SECTOR

Numerous models are developed to evaluate supply chain risks, particularly, operational ones. However, there is a limited work addressing the impact of external uncertainties on supply chain performance at the operational level. This paper aims to evaluate how external supply chain risks affect the performance of the petroleum supply chain in Morocco. To achieve this, we conducted both qualitative and quantitative studies involving senior managers in Moroccan petroleum companies. The objective is to identify the most significant risks and enable these companies to implement effective proactive and reactive strategies to manage them. The findings confirm that external factors — primarily political, economic, social, technological, ecological, and legal risks — significantly influence the operational performance of the Moroccan supply chain.