The Production of Bronze ware and Formwork in Northeastern China

The production of bronze ware in northeastern China is roughly divided into three stages: the production of forging bronze ware, the production of the early bronze ware centered on low tinned copper casting, and the ternary alloy period. Among them, the ternary alloy period is again subdivided into a low and unstable early ternary alloy phase and a relatively stable late ternary alloy phase. The production period of red bronze ware was only confirmed at very limited sites at the end of the Neolithic Age, while the early bronze ware production period was found from some sites of the Xiajiadian lower-level culture to the Weiyingzi culture. The early ternary alloy phase and the late ternary alloy phase were classified from the 6th century BC, and there were differences in the type of bronze ware as well as the formwork material depending on the region and culture.