The Importance of Weather Factors in the Resilience of Airport Flight Operations Based on Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KANs)

This study analyzes the impact of weather factors on the resilience of airport flight operations, focusing on flight performance, economic outcomes, and transportation capacity. A Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) model was employed to identify key weather variables and establish the relationship between these factors and airport operational resilience. Xi’an Xianyang International Airport was used as a case study, with the weights of various routes determined using grey relational analysis, considering average daily flight volume, flight distance, and airport flow stability indicators. Flight operation records and weather data were utilized to assess the influence of critical weather factors on key operational resilience metrics. The findings reveal that routes in economically developed areas exert a more pronounced effect on flow stability. Temperature and wind speed emerged as the most influential factors, with importance values of 0.35 and 0.32, respectively, about flight operations and economic performance. Furthermore, changes in wind direction and wind speed had the greatest impact on transportation capacity, with importance values of 0.7 and 0.65, respectively. These results highlight the need for special attention to weather factors such as temperature and wind speed during flight scheduling and risk assessment to ensure operational safety, efficiency, and economic viability.