Pattern of Superficial Veins of Cubital Fossae in Punjabi Students

Introduction: The superficial veins in the cubital fossae are of significant anatomical and clinical importance. Understanding the variations in these venous patterns is essential for accurately applying diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic procedures. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify superficial venous patterns in the cubital fossae of Punjabi students in Pakistan. Place and Duration of Study: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 first- and second-year MBBS students at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to July 2024. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 first- and second-year MBBS students at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College from January to July 2024, yielding 360 samples from both upper limbs. Participants were randomly selected after obtaining IRB approval and informed consent. Demographic data and domicile were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22, and chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between venous patterns, body side, gender, and geographical location. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Different venous patterns were identified. Pattern 2, an "M" shape, was the most common on both sides left (44.4%) and right (43.3%). A significant difference in venous patterns between the left and right arms of males and females was observed (p ? 0.001 for both). Males showed a higher frequency of Pattern 2, while females predominantly exhibited Pattern 1. Other patterns accounted for less than 10% of cases, with no significant regional differences. Conclusion: This study identified different patterns in the cubital fossa, with Pattern 2 being the most common and showing significant gender differences. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for improving procedural accuracy and reducing complications in clinical interventions.