On the Question of the Diversity and Effectiveness of Therapy Methods for Androgenetic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia is a multifactorial pathological condition formed as a result of the genetic sensitivity of hair follicles to androgens, characterized by miniaturization of hair and their progressive loss. The extremely widespread prevalence of pathology, its serious negative impact on the mental and emotional state of patients, including a decrease in self-esteem, dissatisfaction with their appearance and perception of aging, as well as the occurrence of chronic emotional stress significantly reduces the quality of life for both women and men, especially at a young age, which is an important medical and social problem. The difficulty and duration of treatment dictate the need for further research and implementation of new approaches to the correction of this disease in practical healthcare. The article provides a review of literature sources, both Russian and foreign authors, devoted to this problem, highlights various environmental factors such as exposure to ultraviolet rays, decreased sleep duration, increased chronic stress, high body mass index, circulatory disorders due to smoking, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, etc. The article highlights the important links of pathogenesis in the occurrence of androgenetic alopecia, which opens up the main points of application of therapy at the level of hair follicles: reducing the intracranial conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by inhibiting 5α-reductase, improving blood supply to the follicle and stimulating its growth with signaling peptides. New methods of treatment of androgenetic alopecia aimed at one or more points of the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia are described: topical therapy, systemic drugs, injectable methods of delivering proteins – intrinsic growth factors into the scalp (plasma therapy – the introduction of autologous plasma rich in platelets), physiotherapy using various physical methods of exposure, as well as surgical transplantation hair. Thus, the literature review, which is offered to medical specialists interested in trichological problems, presents the results of the clinical effectiveness of using various techniques in the complex therapy of androgenetic alopecia.