Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Literature Review

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue that develops mainly between the ages of 15 and 45 years. Thanks to the successes in the development of modern oncohematology, today the proportion of complete remissions among patients reaches 90%. However, excellent survival rates also come with a high risk of long-term complications, one of which is decreased bone mineral density, including osteoporosis. Dynamic processes of modeling and remodeling continuously occur inside the bone, which depend on many internal and external factors acting in different directions. In patients with an established diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, there are risk factors specific to this category of patients: the effect on the body of the tumor process and highly toxic chemotherapy drugs as part of pathogenetic treatment; and nonspecific, widespread throughout the population. Among the nonspecific factors, this review identified and examined gender, weight-to-height ratio, smoking and alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, as well as the presence of osteoporosis and fractures in the family history. The development of osteoporosis in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma as a subject of discussion is still only gaining interest among researchers. Differentiation of risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in this category of patients is a very pressing problem in the current reality of the lack of official clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis in young patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, and also due to the small amount of published material on this topic.