Study of the Structural and Technological Parameters of the Seeding Machine Operation Affecting the Quality of Sowing

The purpose of this study is to determine the statistical characteristics of the distribution of seeds depending on the position of the twin ejector and the rotational speed of the sowing disc and to determine the optimal values of these parameters. The design and operating parameters of the sowing machine were determined using the method of planning a multifactorial experiment. The process uses a second-order planning matrix based on two-factor Box-Wilson plans. Soybeans of the Lisbon variety were used as the studied inoculum. The speed of the meter disk was varied from 15 to 55 rpm. The position of the seed ejector was set so that the suction hole was blocked halfway (lower level) to a fully open hole (upper level). As optimization criteria, the coefficient of variation of the time intervals between soybean seed emissions from the sowing disc and seed crushing was chosen. Based on the results of experiments using a multifactorial experimental plan, regression equations were determined that adequately describe the seeding process under study. According to the results of the research, the control factors should be within the following limits: the rotational speed of the sowing machine disc should be from 15 to 45 rpm, and the position of the seed ejector should provide overlap from 0.65 to 0.9, while the coefficient of variation was less than 33%, and seed crushing is less than 1%. The obtained data were used to develop a control algorithm for the automatic position controller of the seed ejector.