Design of Circularly Polarized Metal Frame Smartwatch Antenna for GNSS Application

This paper presents a metal frame smartwatch antenna based on N-port network theory, operating in the L5/L1 bands of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS). By optimizing the N-port structure with multi-objective optimizer NSGA-III, changing the port state at the appropriate position, the proposed antenna achieves right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in the L5 and L1 bands to provide positioning services. The proposed antenna has two breaking points on the metal frame, providing freedom for the multi-antenna design. The antenna is promising due to its simple structure and practicality.