Effective Combination of Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layer and the HIE-FDTD Method

The combination of the hybrid implicit-explicit (HIE) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with the convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) is effectively implemented (HIE-CPML). The results of S11 and radiation patterns of the proposed HIE-CPML method are compared with other methods and software through the example of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna. Numerical results show that this method is highly consistent with the results obtained by the FDTD with CPML method. Although the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number (CFLN) increased to 7, the relative error of the HIE-CPML method is still lower than 6 dB, effectively verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.