Design of W-band pixelated programmable metasurface for flexible beam steering

We proposed a two-dimensional pixelated programmable metasurface (PPM) specifically designed for W-band operations. This PPM uses PIN diodes and a simple architecture to realize accurate 0/180° phase control at each element. The meticulously designed 20×20 elements PPM array demonstrate robust beamforming capabilities, effectively beam steering within ±45° in both the E-plane and H-plane. This advancement establishes a crucial foundation for the enhancement of future millimeter-wave wireless communication systems.