Reducing the Wrist's Effect on the Antenna Performance for Smartwatches

This paper presents the antenna designs for metal-bezel smartwatches aimed at reducing the wrist's effect. The design achieves this through two approaches: adding a metal plane and exciting the metal plane. By exciting the metal plane, a stronger vertical E-field is generated, which significantly reduces the wrist's loading effect. This new design is evaluated in both the Wi-Fi and GPS bands, indicating potential advancements in smartwatch antenna technology.