Have information and communication technologies research for neurodevelopmental disorders improved overtime? A systematic meta-review

The significant increase of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) use for individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) has created an urgent need to examine the implications of both the design and the research methodologies used to study them. We searched four databases (PubMed, IEEXplore, Scopus, and ACM Digital Library) to find relevant reviews on clinical applications of ICTs with individuals with NDD. We extracted all studies (n = 1879) from 301 reviews, and classified them into categories: robots, serious games (SG), video modeling (VM), Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). We randomly assessed 182 studies (45 per ICT category) stratified by years of publication using the Connolly methodology scale and design ICT inventory (DICTI). We also described the best papers per ICT (most cited or highest impact factor journals). Our assessments have indicated that the overall research methodology quality of ICT studies is poor. Serious Games (SG) studies have the best research methodology and ICT design quality scores. Studies on robots, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), and video modeling (VM) have shown improved research methodology over the years, though only SG design shown improvement consistently. Autism is the most prevalent NDD in terms of clinical focus in ICT therapeutic and educational interventions. Currently, no ICT has been approved as a prescription treatment in NDD, with the notable exception of EndeavorRx™, a SG for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The literature also emphasizes that meeting the main research methodology criteria is essential for evidence-based medicine, Personalization, adaptability, positive feedback, human interaction and affordability are among the most important features to take into consideration in ICT design for NDD. The review highlights the need for higher-quality studies, user-friendly technologies, personalization, positive feedback, and accessibility. ICTs are not detrimental to learning and demonstrate potential benefits for individuals with NDD. However, more evidence-based studies are needed to reach treatment prescription recommendation. • This is the first systematic meta-review examining the evolution and implications of both ICTs design and study methodology over the last few decades. • The overall quality of ICT studies is poor. No ICT is currently approved as prescription treatment in NDD, with the notable exception of EndeavorRx™, a SG for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Serious games have the best methodological and design quality. Robots, augmentative alternative devices and video modeling studies’ methodology have improved over the years, whereas only SG design quality has improved. • The ICT literature and design and methodology scores indicate a need for higher quality studies and the importance of personalization, adaptability, positive feedback, human interaction and affordability features of ICTs’ design.