Therapy-related myeloid malignancies in patients with multiple myeloma.

The significant advances in the efficacy of myeloma treatment in recent years have brought greater focus to the issues of long-term therapy complications. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are among the most severe secondary malignancies that can arise as a consequence of myeloma treatment. Although this complication is relatively rare, the prognosis for the small subset of patients who experience it is bleak. This review describes the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic neoplasms related to cytotoxic therapy in multiple myeloma patients.