Assessing the phytosanitary protection of cereal crops in the Bouira region (Northern Algeria)

The Bouira region has a significant potential for cereal cultivation, covering 65.90% of the total agricultural area. Traditionally, cereal growers have relied on pesticides to control pests, but it is vital to evaluate how these practices align with the principles of cognitive sustainability. This study explores the phytosanitary practices used in cereal cultivation within the Bouira Region and assesses their impact on sustainable agricultural practices. Based on interviews with cereal growers in Bouira's central agricultural areas – El Asnam, El Hachimia, and Ain Bessam – the research was conducted during the 2023/2024 cereal season. The cereals grown include durum wheat, common wheat, barley, and oats, with routinely applied pesticides. Twenty-three pesticides protect these crops and enhance yields, herbicides being the most common, followed by fungicides and insecticides. However, the study found that protective measures were insufficient, as farmers often rely solely on masks and gloves when handling pesticides without fully understanding the associated risks. These findings underscore the urgent need for increased awareness and technical support to boost agricultural productivity and fully integrate cognitive sustainability principles, thereby fostering a more informed and sustainable approach to agriculture that safeguards both environmental and human health.