Epidemiological Patterns and Clinical Manifestations of Mucormycosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Study on Incidence, Challenges, And Treatment Strategies

Mucormycosis is a disease caused by an increasing number of Mucorales species. These fungi are widely distributed in nature and feed on several types of decaying organic matter. The research objective is to explore the epidemiological pattern of mucormycosis in rhinocerebral patients and to discuss the challenges and effectiveness of currently applied strategies. Usually, a primary airborne infectious condition develops in the upper or lower respiratory tract and is linked to sinusitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, or pulmonary infection as a clinical manifestation.   The spread of disease to the skin, brain, and other locations is less frequent. Still, the infection will frequently spread to neighbouring areas if patients do not receive intensive medical and surgical care. Mucormycosis development is at risk due to diabetes-related ketoacidosis, neutropenia, malnutrition based on protein and calories, and iron overload, with or without concomitant deferoxamine use. The sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), skin (19%), brain (9%), and gastrointestinal system (7%) are the most common locations for mucormycosis to manifest, yet it can also spread to other sites (6%). Because mucormycosis is uncommon, no studies have been conducted, including randomised, controlled therapy. Although posaconazole (POSA) and Isavuconazole (ISAV), the active ingredients of the prodrug isavuconazonium sulphate, are newer triazoles, they may be beneficial in treating patients who are resistant to or intolerable to LFAB.