Unravelling the Origins of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Analyzing Clinical Biomarker Profiles in Adolescent and Middle-Aged Women

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and multifactorial condition, involving a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, and its etiology is unknown.PCOS poses a diagnostic challenge in adolescents, and assessing the status of biomarkers in adolescents and middle-aged women will elucidate the aetiology of PCOS.To evaluate the clinical biomarkers -SHBG, testosterone, AMH, insulin, and leptin -in both adolescence and middle-aged groups.This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital and involved a total of 200 subjects.The participants were divided into two groups, each having two subgroups.Adolescent females with regular periods made up Group 1(a), whereas those with irregular cycles and ages ranging from 18 to 19 made up Group 1(b).Middle-aged women with PCOS made up Group 2(a), whereas control subjects between the ages of 30 and 38 made up Group 2(b).The data were presented in the form of mean SD.To assess the variance in the data among multiple groups, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the least significant difference during group-wise comparisons.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for all statistical analyses, with a significance threshold of P<0.05.The values of SHBG and AMH were significantly different between the four groups, and the value of insulin was significant between controls and oligomenorrhea in the adolescent group.This study reveals the sequential expression of physiological and clinical biochemical variations, suggesting that compensatory hyperinsulinemia may play a role in initiating PCOS pathogenesis.