Compact Physical Implementation of Spiking Neural Network Using Ambipolar WSe₂ n-Type/p-Type Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistor

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are attracting increasing interests for their ability to emulate biological processes, offering energy-efficient computation and event-driven processing. Currently, no devices are known to combine both neuronal and synaptic functions. This study presents an experimental demonstration of an ambipolar WSe₂ n-type/p-type ferroelectric field-effect transistor (n/p-FeFET) integrated with ferroelectric Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ (HZO) to achieve both volatile and nonvolatile properties in a single device. The nonvolatile n-FeFET, driven by the stable ferroelectric properties of HZO, exhibits highly linear synaptic behavior. In contrast, the volatile p-FeFET, influenced by electron self-compensation in the ambipolar WSe₂, enables self-resetting leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons. Integrating neuronal and synaptic functions in the same device allows for compact neuromorphic computing applications. Additionally, simulations of SNNs using experimentally calibrated synaptic and neuronal models achieved a 93.8% accuracy in MNIST digit recognition. This innovative approach advances the development of SNNs with high biomimetic fidelity and reduced hardware costs.