Balancing Anesthesia in a Child With Mitochondrial Disease: A Case Report

Anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial disease requires an in-depth knowledge and understanding of its pathophysiology to ensure the safe conduct of anesthesia. Our case report illustrates the importance of careful anesthetic planning and execution for a four-year-old undergoing full mouth rehabilitation. It is essential to avoid factors that increase metabolic stress, such as prolonged fasting, hypoglycemia, postoperative nausea, hypothermia, acidosis, hypovolemia, and ischemic or hypoxic events. Balanced general anesthesia was achieved by using incremental doses of anesthetics, narcotics, and muscle relaxants, all selected to minimize any potential impact on mitochondrial function. The perioperative period was uneventful.