Data-Driven Control Method Based on Koopman Operator for Suspension System of Maglev Train

The suspension system of the Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) maglev train is crucial for ensuring safe operation. This article focuses on data-driven modeling and control optimization of the suspension system. By the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) method based on the Koopman theory, the state and input data of the suspension system are collected to construct a high-dimensional linearized model of the system without detailed parameters of the system, preserving the nonlinear characteristics. With the data-driven model, the LQR controller and Extended State Observer (ESO) are applied to optimize the suspension control. Compared with baseline feedback methods, the optimization control with data-driven modeling reduces the maximum system fluctuation by 75.0% in total. Furthermore, considering the high-speed operating environment and vertical dynamic response of the maglev train, a rolling-update modeling method is proposed to achieve online modeling optimization of the suspension system. The simulation results show that this method reduces the maximum fluctuation amplitude of the suspension system by 40.0% and the vibration acceleration of the vehicle body by 46.8%, achieving significant optimization of the suspension control.