Sustainable Organic Farming Crops in Nepal in Climate Change Conditions: Predictions and Preferences

In Nepal, climate change is projected to cause a rapid increase in air temperature, erratic rainfalls, and other changes that could negatively impact agricultural productivity. Given the crucial role of agriculture in household income and consumption, Nepal is particularly vulnerable to these impacts. Organic farming has the potential to enhance environmental protection and contribute positively to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aims to identify suitable crops for individual wards within the Dolakha district under changing climatic conditions. The EcoCrop model was applied to crops pre-selected by local small farmers to assess their suitability under both current and projected climate conditions in 2050. According to the model, the most successful crops under both current and future climate conditions were beans and colocasia, garlic, local radish, and finger millet. The modeling results were then compared to the preferences of local farmers as revealed through a questionnaire survey. Most crops selected by the model were also selected as suitable by local farmers, with beans being the exception. These findings have the potential to assist local stakeholders, including farmers, planners, and local authorities, in promoting successful organic farming by selecting suitable crops, thereby aiding the region in better adapting to expected climate change.