Bioengineering Tooth and Periodontal Organoids from Stem and Progenitor Cells

Tooth and periodontal organoids from stem and progenitor cells represent a significant advancement in regenerative dentistry, offering solutions for tooth loss and periodontal diseases. These organoids, which mimic the architecture and function of real organs, provide a cutting-edge platform for studying dental biology and developing therapies. Recent methodologies have been developed to optimize conditions for organoid production, advancing dental regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and developmental studies. The integration of bioengineering strategies with culture techniques enhances both our understanding and the therapeutic potential of these organoids. Additionally, factors such as the extracellular matrix, growth factors, and culture systems profoundly influence organoid formation and maturation. This review explores various bioengineering approaches for generating organoids, emphasizing the pivotal role of stem and progenitor cells.