A Criticism of the Kyoto Protocol with an Objective Approach

The Kyoto Protocol, established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, one of the human-induced causes of climate change, imposes obligations on developed countries. In this study: 1) what obligations the articles of the Kyoto Protocol impose on the countries that are party to the protocol, 2) whether the articles of the protocol are impartial, equal, and fair in their obligations to the contracting countries and their binding, 3) how the economic support of developed countries to reduce emissions to developing countries can be evaluated in the context of the principle of equality/justice, 4) it has been discussed whether the non-bindingness of the countries those are not party to the protocol. Considering all protocol items, the discussion was made from a critical but constructive point of view. It can be said that the obligations arising from the Kyoto Protocol bring disadvantages for some countries compared to others.