Position and Orientation Planning of the UAV With Rectangle Coverage Area

In emergency communication scenarios without terrestrial base stations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted base stations offer an efficient solution for wireless transmission. This paper investigates the location planning for UAV base stations, focusing on UAVs equipped with horizontally placed dipole antennas. The study begins by analyzing the received signal strength at various ground locations with this specific antenna configuration, leading to the observation that the ground coverage area is not typical circular. An optimization problem is proposed to determine the positions and orientations of UAVs with the goal of minimizing the required number of UAVs. To avoid the exhaustive search for UAV positions, the coverage area is approximated as rectangular. The rotational tiling (RT) algorithm is presented to deploy UAVs in a grid formation with uniform orientation to cover all ground nodes (GNs). Subsequently, the rotated rectangle (RR) algorithm is introduced to enhance coverage by enabling UAVs to have different orientations. The study assessed the performance of the proposed schemes through simulations. The results indicate that the RT and RR schemes significantly reduce the number of required UAVs compared to the baseline scheme.