Mormodica charantia L. Leaf Alleviates Menstrual Cycle Disruption and Hormonal Fluctuations In Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rat

Polycystic ovarian syndrome affects 7 to 10% of women. To manage PCOS in women without lowering the likelihood of becoming pregnant, researchers are looking for botanicals with antioxidant potential, optimum bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of Mormodica charantia leaves on PCOS in rats. The toxicity of the crude extract was evaluated using Brine shrimp larva. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), as well as the antioxidant activity of the extract and solvent fractions (n-hexane, DCM, and ethyl acetate), were evaluated using established methods. Methanol extract and clomiphene citrate were administered to the letrozole-induced PCOS albino rat. The methanol extract's LC50 value was 1818.79±0.22 μg/mL. The hexane fraction had a significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37.06±0.11 μg/mL). The methanol extract reduced the levels of luteinizing hormone and increased follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as estradiol levels in PCOS rats. The ovary of M. charantiatreated rat had normal thecal cells and granular cell hyperplasia. Thus, M. charantia leaf has a beneficial impact on menstrual cycle disruption as well as hormonal fluctuations associated with PCOS. Therefore, Mormodica charantia leaves may have the potential to reduce the risk of PCOS in women.