Effects of changing adjacent building conditions on ground settlement profiles around deep excavation construction

This study investigates the impact of deep excavation on ground settlement under various adjacent building conditions using the finite element method. It simulates diaphragm wall earth retention systems with plate elements and uses H-beam assemblies with preloaded anchors to represent temporary earth retention and ensure safety measures. Adjacent structures are also modeled with plate elements. Unlike traditional methods that often overestimate settlement by simulating only ground loads, this research includes the effects of neighboring basements and validates the model using field data. The study employs the HSS model, which provides a more accurate representation of soil deformation compared to the Mohr-Coulomb model. Findings indicate that ground settlement significantly increases when the adjacent building’s basement depth is about half the excavation depth, stabilizing as it approaches 1.6 times the excavation depth. Settlement is more pronounced for buildings closer to the diaphragm wall and decreases with distance. The relationships are described by normalized curves, and y = 1.9x−0.4 and 2.5/√x, representing the behavior of ground settlement in response to varying building conditions.