Determination of the continuous grade of a binder in the South African performance grade binder specification

A Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen Specification, SATS-3208 (SATS 2019), was developed in South Africa during the period up to 2019. Since that time a period of implementation has begun on selected projects in South Africa. The implementation activities have included testing of data in accordance with the final anticipated standards. Formulation of a national standard is in the final stages and is expected to be published towards the end of 2024. The PG grade is specified using a high temperature number and a minimum temperature number that indicate the climate range within which a bitumen would be expected to perform. For example, a PG64-22 has a high temperature of 64°C and a minimum temperature of -22°C, from which intermediate and low operating temperatures are derived. A material meeting this grade will always have a performance range which is, ideally, just bigger than the specification grade and this is typically referenced as the continuous grade. A further definition is the difference between the two continuous grade numbers, referenced as the "Useful Temperature Interval" or UTI. As part of this implementation, it is required to determine the continuous grade for bitumen, including for modified binders, to ensure compliance with the specification. The UTI must be equal to or greater than 80°C. This technical note has been developed to demonstrate correct procedure to determine the continuous grade and UTI.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering
Published
2024-10-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2024/v66n3a4
Primary Topic
Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Determination of the continuous grade of a binder in the South African performance grade binder specification

Geoffrey M. Rowe, S J Bredenhann, P A Myburgh
Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering
Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
article

Determination of the continuous grade of a binder in the South African performance grade binder specification

Geoffrey M. Rowe, S J Bredenhann, P A Myburgh
article en

Abstract

A Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen Specification, SATS-3208 (SATS 2019), was developed in South Africa during the period up to 2019. Since that time a period of implementation has begun on selected projects in South Africa. The implementation activities have included testing of data in accordance with the final anticipated standards. Formulation of a national standard is in the final stages and is expected to be published towards the end of 2024. The PG grade is specified using a high temperature number and a minimum temperature number that indicate the climate range within which a bitumen would be expected to perform. For example, a PG64-22 has a high temperature of 64°C and a minimum temperature of -22°C, from which intermediate and low operating temperatures are derived. A material meeting this grade will always have a performance range which is, ideally, just bigger than the specification grade and this is typically referenced as the continuous grade. A further definition is the difference between the two continuous grade numbers, referenced as the "Useful Temperature Interval" or UTI. As part of this implementation, it is required to determine the continuous grade for bitumen, including for modified binders, to ensure compliance with the specification. The UTI must be equal to or greater than 80°C. This technical note has been developed to demonstrate correct procedure to determine the continuous grade and UTI.

Journal of the South African Institution of Civil EngineeringVol. 66(3)
Climate action
Openalex Percentile: Top 81%
Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.