Enhancing steering angle in liquid crystal beam-steering devices with wideband performance

Previous studies have demonstrated the refraction-type liquid crystal (LC)-based beam-steering devices within the visible wavelength range. However, these devices require substantial improvements in a steering angle for practical application. In this study, we first demonstrate that our device operates as a beam-steering device regardless of the wavelength of an incident laser beam. Furthermore, the steering angle can be improved by increasing the refractive index gradient and stacking four cells, increasing the steering angle by 10-fold.