Development of Single Mode Photoplethysmography System for Measurement of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Heart disease has been Malaysia's leading cause of mortality for 20 years. Aging stiffens the heart and blood vessels, leading to heart disease in older people. Therefore, heart disease is common in seniors. From 2014 to 2021, heart disease-related mortality in people aged 41 to 59 rose 6.2%. This paper presents the design of a monitoring system for early cardiac condition identification in young individuals. Single photoplethysmography (PPG) estimated the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate. These physiological signs and health risk variables were utilized to map heart disease progression. 50 healthy 20–40-year-olds were sampled. The experimental design compares the prototype's stability and precision to a commercial device. Heart rate accuracy showed a mean difference of 0.30 bpm and a variance difference of 1.43 bpm. Thus, most MAP values are 60–100 mmHg. 20% had MAPs beyond 100 mm Hg. As demonstrated by subjects with risk factors with higher resting heart rates and higher MAP values, a correlation exists between heart rate, blood pressure, and the likelihood of heart disease progression over time. In conclusion, the most significant contribution of this research is an enhanced method for the early detection of coronary artery disease using heart rate and blood pressure data linked to variable risk factors.