Random Telegraph Signal Noise Spectroscopy: Challenges and Opportunities for Biosensing Applications

Highly sensitive biosensors which operate based on the utilization of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise spectroscopy might allow for the detection of diseases at the earliest stage. In this work, we provide an overview of our findings concerning RTS behavior in liquid-gated (LG) field-effect transistors (FETs). We propose different kinds of LG FET structures supported by modeling data for the extraction of characteristic RTS parameters for different carrier concentrations and operating voltages in the devices. We demonstrate the innovative aspects and opportunities of noise and fluctuations for biosensing applications. Moreover, we show that light excitation can be used to tune RTS parameters and increase the sensitivity of biosensors by at least 1.5 times. We also discuss challenges related to the utilization of RTS in different research fields, including biosensors and quantum information technology as well as ways of finding solutions to the problems.