Clonal and resistance profiles of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli in countries with different practices of antibiotic prescription

In regions like Iraq, where antibiotics are overused and misused, resistance among uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> to various antibiotics is significantly higher. Most Iraqi resistant strains belong to well-known international groups, and no new highly successful strains have emerged. The absence of ST1193 in Iraq may reflect regional, socioeconomic, demographic, or cultural factors that hinder the success of certain strain groups in the country.