Evaluation of Heliotropium indicum Extracts Against Fungal Pathogens of Snake Gourd Tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina)

Background and Objective: Snake Gourd Tomato, is a crop of great agronomic, nutritional and medicinal importance.This study investigates fungal pathogens affecting (Trichosanthes cucumerina) and evaluates the antifungal potential of Heliotropium indicum extracts.The objective was to explore eco-friendly alternatives for managing fungal diseases in this crop.Materials and Methods: In 2023, a study was conducted to isolate and identify fungal pathogens from samples.Fungal isolates were identified and the antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Heliotropium indicum was evaluated at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% using a mycelial growth inhibition assay.Phytochemical screening of the extracts was also performed.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with significant differences determined at p<0.05.Results: Colletotrichum spp. was the most prevalent pathogen (29.11%), followed by Fusarium spp.and Curvularia lunata (18.99% each).Both aqueous and ethanol extracts of H. indicum inhibited fungal mycelial growth, with ethanol extracts showing higher efficacy.At 5.0% concentration, ethanol extracts achieved up to 94.99% inhibition for several fungal species.Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of tannins (11.52 mg/g) and saponins (7.85 mg/g), which may contribute to the antifungal activity.Agronomic evaluation of accessions showed that 'Ijero 2' had the tallest plants and highest number of leaves, while 'NHS10-6' had the highest fruit yield.Conclusion: Heliotropium indicum extracts exhibit significant antifungal activity, particularly ethanol extracts and can be integrated into disease management strategies for Snake Gourd Tomato.This approach supports sustainable crop protection and enhances productivity.