Semantic substitutions and subjective dependence in bilingual textual communication of translation

The target text is considered a personal (translation) projection of the source text specially created by its translator for secondary readers belonging to the system of the target language. Thus, translators take into account secondary readers’ conceptual systems. At the same time, translators interpret the source text nearly in the same way primary readers from the system of the source language do it. Translators’ image of the really existing World and the text World determines both the choice of translation equivalents and substitutions and the implementation of situation components from the text World. N-multiplicity of translations is influenced not only by psychological, cognitive, and socio-cultural factors, but also by translators’ attitudes, because of which they begin to attribute actual (or currently actualised) meanings to the source text while performing semantic substitutions. All added meanings can transform and / or modify the text World created by its author. The purpose of the article is to show how the principle of semantic substitutions and the principle of subjective dependence (terms of A.A. Zalevskaya) influence the (re)construction of the text World done by translators. The study is based on the analysis of translations of works by Russian writers into English and translations of works by English writers into Russian.