Ethnopsycholinguistics almost 25 years later, or the scientific foresight of Alexandra Zalevskaya

Professor Zalevskaya considered one of the most important fundamental tasks of Russian Psycholinguistics to be the discovery of cultural and national specifics of speech activity. In modern Ethnopsycholinguistics, three stable directions are developing on the basis of theoretical and experimental research of speech action: synchronic psycholinguoaxiology, diachronic psycholinguoaxiology, diagnostic (psycho)linguoaxiology. Each of these areas develops its own conceptual apparatus and methods, based on the developed principles, the first establishes the content of values, verifiable ranking, and scaling of the experimental data obtained. The second examines the main psycholinguistic factors influencing the dynamics of the content of axiological concepts and the change in hierarchy in value systems. At the same time, a diachronic comparison of axiological fragments of the worldview of speakers of a certain linguistic culture modeled for different times is possible. In the third of these areas, the content of the current value system is used to diagnose social relations of various kinds in a particular society. The author defines the concepts of basic value, cultural significance and meaning, cultural connotations that differ from those accepted in the linguistic and cultural paradigm, and presents some of the main provisions of the declared directions of ethnopsycholinguistics. The author presents some methods of analyzing associative fields that allow us to explore the predicative relationship between a stimulus and a reaction, which makes it possible to determine the personal meaning of values and value orientations of an individual.