Identifikasi Pola Bakteri dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Kamar Bedah Mata Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections of pathogenic microorganisms into the human body within 48-72 hours after a patient's hospital admission. These infections are commonly attributed to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), surgical site infections (SSI), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Increased HAI cases is also associated with an increase in Multiple Drug-Resistant (MDR) strains due to inappropriate antibiotic selection for treating diseases resulting from HAIs. This study aimed to identify bacterial patterns and sensitivity tests at the ophthalmic surgical room of Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Thus was an observational and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The results showed seven Bacillus sp., four Staphylococcus sp., and one Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity tests using 18 types of antibiotics revealed antibiotic resistance patterns of the identified bacteria: seven strains of XDR in Bacillus sp., four strains of MDR in Staphylococcus sp., and the presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, Bacillus sp. is the most abundant bacteria found. Bacillus sp. is sensitive to the antibiotic meropenem, while it is resistant to ceftriaxone and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Keywords: healthcare-associated infections; identification of bacteria; antibiotic sensitivity test Abstrak: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) adalah infeksi mikroorganisme patogen ke dalam tubuh manusia yang terjadi 48-72 jam setelah pasien masuk rumah sakit, umumnya disebabkan oleh ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP), surgical site infections (SSI), central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), dan catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Peningkatan kasus HAIs sejalan dengan peningkatan multiple drug-resistant (MDR) karena ketidaktepatan pemilihan antibiotik dalam mengobati HAIs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik di kamar bedah mata Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan Bacillus sp. tujuh bakteri, Staphylococcus sp. empat bakteri, dan Staphylococcus aureus satu bakteri. Uji sensitivitas terhadap 18 antibiotik menunjukkan gambaran resistensi, yaitu: Bacillus sp. terdapat tujuh bakteri Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR), Staphylococcus sp. terdapat empat bakteri MDR, dan Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Simpulan penelitian ini, yaitu: Bacillus sp., merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan. Bacillus sp. sensitif terhadap antibiotik meropenem namun resisten terhadap antibiotik ceftriaxone, dan sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Kata kunci: healthcare-associated infections; identifikasi bakteri; uji sensitivitas antibiotik